Learning Windows. Search this site. Command Line. File Types. PowerShell ps1. File Management. Programs: Microsoft. System Management. Windows Services. NET Framework. These allow us to make sense of the XAML to display the dialog. The result is loaded into a global XAML-typed variable. Thanks to our loaded assemblies, our code now "understands" how to interpret this XAML more about this later. This name is passed down the pipe and turned into a global variable.
Those of you who are following intently have noticed that there isn't a Name attribute by default using Visual Studio. You'll need to add this manually. Simple enough. Finally, notice that nothing is actually displaying our dialog box…yet! We're getting there. So, we've finally arrived. You're ready to build your HelloWorld. Of course, by now you've realized that to make this work, there are actually three files involved. This may seem like a lot, but as you build multiple scripts, this will make sense.
You have your primary script named "HelloWorld. For clean separation, I recommend that you store your. To review what's going on, your original Windows PowerShell script calls the loadDialog.
Near the top of your HelloWorld. After this line successfully executes, we have access to the form via Windows PowerShell variables. The properties to set and get are a matter of research on websites like MSDN or exploring the properties window inside of Visual Studio. For example, here is an example of the Button class. Remember when I mentioned event-driven programming? At this point, you'll want to wire-up an event to the button.
Here's how:. This must be the last statement in your script. From that point forward, everything is controlled via the events you have configured. We have it all put together and we're ready to launch. If you haven't already, remember to set the execution policy so that you can run the script:. Also, remember to run Windows PowerShell as an administrator. Otherwise you'll hit this error message:.
PowerShell' is denied. To change the execution policy for the default LocalMachine scope, start Windows PowerShell with the "Run as administrator" option. My heartfelt thanks go to the engineering rock stars who made this possible: Microsoft senior premier field engineers, Mike Melone and Don Scott. The methodology to create a Windows PowerShell GUI is somewhat advanced, but not beyond the reach of those who spend a great deal of time scripting Windows PowerShell solutions for others to use.
I have personally used this method to create input validation and to control the choices of input from my users. This is a very basic example, but WPF forms can be very sophisticated.
The fun part is the creativity you bring that will help empower and guide others to be successful without getting stuck at the command line. You may have noticed that there are nine classes in Figure 2 —one for each custom cmdlet and one special snap-in class that is used to register the custom cmdlets. The code is shown in Figure 3. The first line of code uses the Windows PowerShell Cmdlet attribute to implicitly name my custom cmdlet.
Windows PowerShell cmdlets follow a verb-noun naming convention and use verbs from a standard list. So I name my cmdlet get-window. The class itself inherits from a base Cmdlet class that does most of the plumbing for you, making it very easy to write custom cmdlets.
The name of the implementation class does not need to be related to the name of the cmdlet that is being implemented, but it's a good idea to use a consistent class-naming scheme. Next, I specify a single parameter named windowName for my custom cmdlet. I do not use the Class Name parameter of the FindWindow function.
The Class Name of a window object is an internal Windows category—it's not related to the C "class" language feature—and therefore it is not useful for identifying the window. I provide get and set properties for my custom cmdlet input parameter, decorating the properties with a required Parameter attribute and specifying the zero-based index position of the parameter. I could also supply a Mandatory argument to add some error-checking. All the actual work in a custom cmdlet is performed in a special ProcessRecord method.
Here I simply call my C FindWindow alias, which in turn calls the underlying Win32 FindWindow function and fetches the handle of the window with the specified name. Since Windows PowerShell uses the pipeline architecture, I use the special WriteObject method to return the handle value rather than returning the window handle value with a "return" keyword.
The get-ControlByIndex cmdlet is slightly tricky—the code is shown in Figure 4. Here I use the FindWindowEx Win32 function to get a handle to a control based on the control's implied index value.
By repeatedly passing in the return value from the previous call to FindWindowEx, I effectively advance one window handle on each iteration through the do I stop iterating when the local ct variable reaches the value of index, which is passed in as an argument.
My remaining six custom cmdlets follow the same general design pattern as the get-window and get-controlByIndex cmdlets. All eight custom cmdlets are summarized in Figure 5 the code download includes complete source code for all of these. Admittedly, my choice of cmdlet names is rather terse—most of my colleagues prefer more descriptive cmdlet names. For example, you might want to rename the get-window to something like get-automationWindow or get-uiAutoWindowHandle.
Fortunately, you can provide aliases for custom cmdlets with long names. Every custom cmdlet library in Windows PowerShell must implement a special snap-in class that enables the custom library to be registered with Windows PowerShell. My snap-in class is as follows:. A detailed discussion of Windows PowerShell snap-ins is outside the scope of this column.
For now, you can just take this code and replace the string values as appropriate. Then I must register and enable the library. There are several ways to do this. My preferred method is to create a small Windows PowerShell registration function and add it to a startup script that automatically executes every time a new instance of Windows PowerShell is launched.
Actually there are four different Windows PowerShell startup scripts. Figure 6 shows the startup script I used when capturing the screen displayed in Figure 1.
In the script, I create a function to encapsulate my custom Windows PowerShell cmdlet registration code I could have just as easily used individual Windows PowerShell statements. I like to place descriptive write-host statements in my startup scripts because I often change my startup profile and the messages let me know exactly what special functionality my current shell has available. I then set the current directory location to the location of my custom cmdlet DLL file.
I invoke the installutil. The last key command uses the built-in add-pssnapin cmdlet to call my LibPSSnapIn class defined inside my custom library. Note that this code merely defines a function. After defining the function, I invoke it in the startup script by its name.
With my custom Windows PowerShell cmdlets in place, using the library is very easy. Now I will walk you through the script that generated the output shown in Figure 1. The first few lines of my test automation script are as follows:.
After I begin with a Windows PowerShell comment, I use the write-host cmdlet to print a message to my shell. After displaying a progress message using write-host, I use the built-in invoke-item cmdlet to launch the application under test.
Note that Windows PowerShell uses both single quotes and double quotes single-quote strings are literals while double-quoted strings allow evaluation of embedded escape sequences and variables. Next, I directly call the. NET Sleep static method of the Sys- tem. Thread namespace. Windows PowerShell provides full access to the. NET Framework. Very cool! Here I pause my script for two seconds milliseconds to give the application time to launch.
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